搜索引擎之Elastic Search的高级使用

es之索引别名的搜索使用别名有什么⽤

在开发中，随着业务需求的引擎用迭代，较⽼的搜索业务逻辑就要⾯临更新甚⾄是重构，⽽对于es来说，引擎用为了适应新的搜索业务逻辑，可能就要对原有的引擎用索引做⼀些修改，⽐如对某些字段做调整，搜索甚⾄是引擎用重建索引。⽽做这些操作的搜索时候，可能会对业务造成影响，引擎用甚⾄是搜索停机调整等问题。由此，引擎用es提供了索引别名来解决这些问题。搜索 索引别名就像⼀个快捷⽅式或是引擎用软连接，可以指向⼀个或多个索引，搜索也可以给任意⼀个需要索引名的API来使⽤。别名的应⽤为程序提供了极⼤地灵活性。

查询别名 复制GET /nba/

_alias

GET /_alias1.2. 新增别名 复制POST /

_aliases

{ "actions": [ { "add": { "index": "nba", "alias": "nba_v1.0" } } ]}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11. 复制PUT /nba/_alias/nba_v1.11. 删除别名 复制POST /

_aliases

{ "actions": [ { "remove": { "index": "nba", "alias": "nba_v1.0" } } ]}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11. 复制DELETE /nba/_alias/nba_v1.11. 重命名 复制POST /

_aliases

{ "actions": [ { "remove": { "index": "nba", "alias": "nba_v1.0" } }, { "add": { "index": "nba", "alias": "nba_v2.0" } } ]}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17. 为多个索引指定⼀个别名 复制POST /

_aliases

{ "actions": [ { "add": { "index": "nba", "alias": "national_player" } }, { "add": { "index": "wnba", "alias": "national_player" } } ]}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17. 为同个索引指定多个别名 复制POST /

_aliases

{ "actions": [ { "add": { "index": "nba", "alias": "nba_v2.1" } }, { "add": { "index": "nba", "alias": "nba_v2.2" } } ]}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17. 通过别名读索引

当别名指定了⼀个索引，则查出⼀个索引。

复制GET /nba_v2.11.

当别名指定了多个索引，则查出多个索引。

复制GET /national_player1. 通过别名写索引

当别名指定了⼀个索引，WordPress模板则可以做写的操作。

复制POST /nba_v2.1/_doc/566{ "countryEn": "Croatia", "teamName": "快船", "birthDay": 858661200000, "country": "克罗地亚", "teamCityEn": "LA", "code": "ivica_zubac", "displayAffiliation": "Croatia", "displayName": "伊维察 祖巴茨哥哥", "schoolType": "", "teamConference": "⻄部", "teamConferenceEn": "Western", "weight": "108.9 公⽄", "teamCity": "洛杉矶", "playYear": 3, "jerseyNo": "40", "teamNameEn": "Clippers", "draft": 2016, "displayNameEn": "Ivica Zubac", "heightValue": 2.16, "birthDayStr": "1997-03-18", "position": "中锋", "age": 22, "playerId": "1627826"}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.

当别名指定了多个索引，可以指定写某个索引。

复制POST /

_aliases

{ "actions": [ { "add": { "index": "nba", "alias": "national_player", "is_write_index": true } }, { "add": { "index": "wnba", "alias": "national_player" } } ]}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18. 复制POST /national_player/_doc/566{ "countryEn": "Croatia", "teamName": "快船", "birthDay": 858661200000, "country": "克罗地亚", "teamCityEn": "LA", "code": "ivica_zubac", "displayAffiliation": "Croatia", "displayName": "伊维察 祖巴茨妹妹", "schoolType": "", "teamConference": "⻄部", "teamConferenceEn": "Western", "weight": "108.9 公⽄", "teamCity": "洛杉矶", "playYear": 3, "jerseyNo": "40", "teamNameEn": "Clippers", "draft": 2016, "displayNameEn": "Ivica Zubac", "heightValue": 2.16, "birthDayStr": "1997-03-18", "position": "中锋", "age": 22, "playerId": "1627826"}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.

es之如何重建索引

背景

Elasticsearch是⼀个实时的分布式搜索引擎，为⽤户提供搜索服务，当我们决定存储某种数据时，在创建索引的时候需要将数据结构完整确定下来，于此同时索引的设定和很多固定配置将⽤不能改变。当需要改变数据结构时，就需要重新建⽴索引，为此，Elastic团队提供了很多辅助⼯具帮助开发⼈员进⾏重建索引。

步骤nba取⼀个别名nba_latest, nba_latest作为对外使⽤。新增⼀个索引nba_20220101，结构复制于nba索引，根据业务要求修改字段。将nba数据同步到nba_20220101。给nba_20220101添加别名nba_latest，删除nba别名nba_latest。删除nba索引。我们对外提供访问nba索引时使⽤的是nba_latest别名

1.新增⼀个索引(⽐如修改字段类型，jerseyNo改成keyword类型)

复制PUT /

nba_20220101

{ "mappings": { "properties": { "age": { "type": "integer" }, "birthDay": { "type": "date" }, "birthDayStr": { "type": "keyword" }, "code": { "type": "text" }, "country": { "type": "keyword" }, "countryEn": { "type": "keyword" }, "displayAffiliation": { "type": "text" }, "displayName": { "type": "text" }, "displayNameEn": { "type": "text" }, "draft": { "type": "long" }, "heightValue": { "type": "float" }, "jerseyNo": { "type": "keyword" }, "playYear": { "type": "long" }, "playerId": { "type": "keyword" }, "position": { "type": "text" }, "schoolType": { "type": "text" }, "teamCity": { "type": "text" }, "teamCityEn": { "type": "text" }, "teamConference": { "type": "keyword" }, "teamConferenceEn": { "type": "keyword" }, "teamName": { "type": "keyword" }, "teamNameEn": { "type": "keyword" }, "weight": { "type": "text" } } }}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.71.72.73.74.75.76.

2.将旧索引数据copy到新索引

同步等待，接⼝将会在 reindex 结束后返回。

复制POST /

_reindex

{ "source": { "index": "nba" }, "dest": { "index": "nba_20220101" }}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

异步执⾏，如果 reindex 时间过⻓，建议加上 wait_for_completion=false 的亿华云参数条件，这样 reindex 将直接返回 taskId

复制POST /_reindex?wait_for_completion=false{ "source": { "index": "nba" }, "dest": { "index": "nba_20220101" }}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

3.替换别名

复制POST /

_aliases

{ "actions": [ { "add": { "index": "nba_20220101", "alias": "nba_latest" } }, { "remove": { "index": "nba", "alias": "nba_latest" } } ]}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.

4.删除旧索引

复制DELETE /nba1.

5.通过别名访问新索引

复制POST /nba_latest/

_search

{ "query": { "match": { "displayNameEn": "james" } }}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8. es之refresh操作

理想的搜索：

新的数据⼀添加到索引中⽴⻢就能搜索到，但是真实情况不是这样的。我们使⽤链式命令请求，先添加⼀个⽂档，再⽴刻搜索。

复制curl -X PUT localhost:9200/star/_doc/888 -H Content-Type:application/json -d { "displayName": "蔡徐坤" }curl -X GET localhost:9200/star/_doc/_search?pretty1.2.3.

强制刷新

复制curl -X PUT localhost:9200/star/_doc/666?refresh -H Content-Type:application/json -d { "displayName": "杨超越" }curl -X GET localhost:9200/star/_doc/_search?pretty1.2.3.

修改默认更新时间(默认时间是1s)

复制PUT /star/

_settings

{ "index": { "refresh_interval": "5s" }}1.2.3.4.5.6.

将refresh关闭

复制PUT /star/

_settings

{ "index": { "refresh_interval": "-1" }}1.2.3.4.5.6. es之高亮查询

前⾔

如果返回的结果集中很多符合条件的结果，那怎么能⼀眼就能看到我们想要的那个结果呢？⽐如下⾯⽹站所示的那样，我们搜索 ⼩d课堂 ，在结果集中，将所有 ⼩d课堂 ⾼亮显示？

高亮查询

复制POST /nba_latest/

_search

{ "query": { "match": { "displayNameEn": "james" } }, "highlight": { "fields": { "displayNameEn": {}} }}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.

自定义高亮查询

复制POST /nba_latest/

_search

{ "query": { "match": { "displayNameEn": "james" } }, "highlight": { "fields": { "displayNameEn": { "pre_tags": [ "<h1>" ], "post_tags": [ "</h1>" ] } } }}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20. es之查询建议

查询建议是什么

查询建议，是为了给⽤户提供更好的搜索体验。包括：词条检查，⾃动补全。词条检查

⾃动补全

Suggester

Term suggesterPhrase suggesterCompletion suggester

字段

Term suggester

term 词条建议器，对给输⼊的⽂本进⾏分词，为每个分词提供词项建议。

复制POST /nba_latest/

_search

{ "suggest": { "my-suggestion": { "text": "jamse hardne", "term": { "suggest_mode": "missing", "field": "displayNameEn" } } }}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.

Phrase suggester

phrase 短语建议，在term的亿华云计算基础上，会考量多个term之间的关系，⽐如是否同时出现在索引的原⽂⾥，相邻程度，以及词频等。

复制POST /nba_latest/

_search

{ "suggest": { "my-suggestion": { "text": "jamse harden", "phrase": { "field": "displayNameEn" } } }}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.

Completion suggester

Completion 完成建议。

复制POST /nba_latest/

_search

{ "suggest": { "my-suggestion": { "text": "Miam", "completion": { "field": "teamCityEn" } } }}1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.